T E N S E S
I. PRESENT
1. Simple Present Tense
POLA:
Subject
+ Verb 1 + ….
They
/ We
I / You
|
Subject
+ Verb s-es + ….
He
/
She
It
|
FUNGSI:
a. Untuk
menyatakan suatu kebiasaan (habitual action) atau kegiatan yang terjadi
berulang – ulang dan terus menerus.
Contoh :
The
students go to school everyday. She
studies English twice a week. I
go to church on Sundays We
celebrate our independence day once in a year.
b. Untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum (general truth).
Contoh:
The
sun rises in the east and sets down in the west. The
earth revolves round the sun. The
pineapple never grows up on a tree.
c. Digunakan dalam bahasa drama, komentar radio dan sejenisnya.
When the curtain rises, Juliet is writing on her desk. Suddenly the window opens and a masked man enters.
KETERANGAN WAKTU:
- Every morning/day/week/month/year
- Once, twice, three
times, four times, …
- Adverb of frequency :
always, usually, sometimes, often, never, seldom.
2. Present Continuous Tense
POLA
:
Subyek
+ to be (is, am, are) + V-ing
|
FUNGSI;
- Untuk menyatakan suatu
kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu diucapkan.
Contoh:
They
are still playing at the moment. She
is reading a novel now.- Untuk menyatakan
kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung tetapi belum tentu sedang berlangsung
ketika pernyataan diucapkan.
Contoh:
I am learning French this year.
Mr. Brown is teaching English.
KETERANGAN WAKTU: Now, at the moment, this afternoon, this
evening, right now, today.
Note : Ketika ada kata kerja seperti: Look!,
Listen!, Watch!, Notice! ( Imperative), maka tenses
nya Present Continuous.
Contoh: *
Look! The man is climbing.
* Listen! The girls next door are singing my favourite song.
3.
Present Perfect Tense
POLA:
Subject
+ Have + Verb 3 + ….
Has
|
FUNGSI :
a. Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang
terjadi pada waktu lampau dan waktunya tidak tertentu.
Contoh
:
William Shakespeare has written many short stories.
I have swept the floor. It looks clean now.- Untuk menyatakan
peristiwa yang pernah dilakukan dan mungkin dilakukan lagi di waktu yang
akan datang.
Contoh:
My friends and I have gone to Bali.
Shinta has visited her grand parents many times.
KETERANGAN
WAKTU: Since, for, just (baru saja), already, yet, so far.
4.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
POLA :
Subject
+ Have + Been + Verb-ing
Has
|
FUNGSI :
Untuk menyatakan suatu
kegiatan yang mulai dilakukan pada waktu lampau dan sampai sekarang masih
berlangsung.
Contoh:
My sister has been studying English for three
months.
The students have been doing the test since 11
o’clock.
KETERANGAN
WAKTU: For, since.
5.
Simple Past Tense
POLA:
Subject
+ Verb 2 + Object + ….
|
FUNGSI:
Untuk
menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau.
Contoh:
I met my music teacher yesterday.
My mother bought a new carpet last Sunday.
Rendy closed the window five minutes ago.
The students presented their project work this
morning.
KETERANGAN WAKTU:
-
Last …. - …ago - This afternoon
-
Just now - This morning -
Yesterday
6.
Past Continuous Tense
POLA:
Subject
+ was + Verb- ing
were
|
FUNGSI:
- Untuk menggambarkan
peristiwa yang sedang terjadi pada masa lampau.
Contoh:
I was studying at my friend’s house.
My parents were chatting in the living room.- Untuk menggambarkan
suatu peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu lampau, dimana
peristiwa lain juga terjadi
.
Contoh:
When I was studying, someone knocked the door.
When I was walking to school, I met Dian sastro.
7.
Past Perfect tense
POLA:
Subject
+ Had + Verb 3
|
FUNGSI:
Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang
terjadi sebelum kegiatan lain di waktu lampau muncul.
Contoh:
The teachers went home
after they had finished teaching.
When I arrived Kridosono,
my favourite artist had performed.
KETERANGAN
WAKTU: when, after, before.
8.
Future Tense
POLA:
Subject
+ shall + Verb 1 + …
will
|
FUNGSI:
- Untuk menggambarkan
suatu peristiwa yang akan terjadi.
Contoh:
Bobby will come here
tomorrow.
I shall call my parents
when I get home.- Untuk menyatakan
sesuatu yang terjadi di masa mendatang yangbukan merupakan keinginan atau
kehendak.
Contoh:
Tomy will be fourteen years
old next year.
We shall die one day.
KETERANGAN WAKTU: Tomorrow,
next week/month/year, the day after tomorrow.
Future Perfect Tense
I will have sung
|
How do we make the Future Perfect Tense?
The structure of the future perfect tense is:
subject
|
+
|
auxiliary verb WILL
|
+
|
auxiliary verb HAVE
|
+
|
main verb
|
invariable
|
invariable
|
past
participle
|
||||
will
|
have
|
V3
|
||||
subject
|
auxiliary verb
|
auxiliary verb
|
main verb
|
|||
+
|
I
|
will
|
have
|
finished
|
by 10am.
|
|
+
|
You
|
will
|
have
|
forgotten
|
me by then.
|
|
-
|
She
|
will
|
not
|
have
|
gone
|
to school.
|
-
|
We
|
will
|
not
|
have
|
left.
|
|
?
|
Will
|
you
|
have
|
arrived?
|
||
?
|
Will
|
they
|
have
|
received
|
it?
|
I will have
|
I'll have
|
I'll've
|
you will have
|
you'll have
|
you'll've
|
he will have
she will have it will have |
he'll have
she'll have it'll have |
he'll've
she'll've it'll've |
we will have
|
we'll have
|
we'll've
|
they will have
|
they'll have
|
they'll've
|
 |
|
|
How do we use the Future Perfect Tense?
The future perfect tense expresses action in the future before
another action in the future. This is the past in the future. For
example:- The
train will leave the station at 9am. You will arrive at the station at
9.15am. When you arrive, the train will have left.
The train will have
left when you arrive.
|
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past
|
present
|
future
|
||||||
Train
leaves in future at 9am.
|
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|
||||||||
You
arrive in future at 9.15am.
|
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- You can
call me at work at 8am. I will have arrived at the office by 8.
- They
will be tired when they arrive. They will not have slept for
a long time.
- "Mary
won't be at home when you arrive."
"Really? Where will she have gone?"
present perfect tense
|
future perfect tense
|
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have | done | > | |
will
|
have | done | > | |
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past
|
now
|
future
|
past
|
now
|
future
|
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Jika sobat ingin mengkopas atau memperbanyak artikel di atas silahkan saja, karena blog ini memang khusus diciptakan untuk berbagi. Terima kasih telah Berkunjung, Semoga Artikel diatas bermanfaat. . .
Jangan lupa tinggalkan JEMPOL dan KOMENTAR anda sebagai oleh-oleh. . .^^
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